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🖍️SIKH STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE
♦️Sikh style of architecture developed in the region of modern day Punjab. It
was heavily influenced by Mughal style and Rajput style of architecture.
Some of the features of Sikh school are:
♦️ Use of multiple Chhatris or kiosks on the top of the construction.
♦️Use of shallow cornices and onion dome.
♦️ The buildings had fluted domes, which were generally covered with brass and copper guilds for decoration and support.
♦️The arches were decorated by the use of numerous foliations.
Example: Shri Harmandir Sahib or Golden temple (constructed during in 16th–17th century).
🔖MAURYAN FORT
♦️Megasthenes in his book indica inform us that city of pataliputra was surrounded by a wooden palisade.
♦️There were 64 gates and 570 watchtowers in this fort.
♦️Wooden fort was surrounded by a 60 feet deep and 200 yard wide ditch to prevent the enemy forces from coming close to the walls of the fort.
♦️Archaeological evidences found at bulandibagh and gosainkhanda have revealed the fortification of pataliputra city.
🔖MAURYAN PALACES
♦️In whole of ancient history, palaces were built only during Mauryan age. The Mauryan ruler Chandagupta Maurya built a palace with wood in his capital Pataliputra.
♦️His grandson Ashoka built a exact replica of this wooden palace in stone on same spot .
♦️It appears wooden palace destroyed by the fire as 30cm thicklyer of ash was found.
♦️Archaeological evidences revealed that these palaces located at Kumrahar.
♦️Archaeological excavations carried out by L.A waddell, D.B spooner, K.P jaiswal and P>C Mukherjee have discovered remains of the stone palace built by Ashoka. 80 pillars used in its central pillared hall have been discovered.
♦️These pillars have a glossy polish on them. They were carved out at chunar located in Mirazapur district, UP.
♦️Chinese traveller fa-hein or faxian was amazed by the beauty and magnificence of this palace. Fa-hien visited india during the reign of chandraguta II. From 399AD – 413AD. He wrote a book named FU-KYO-KI.
🔖Barabar and Nagarjuni Hill caves.
♦️Caves located in barabar hills were cut during the reign of Ashoka and the caves located in Nagarjuni hill under the patronage of his grandson Dasaratha.
♦️There are four caves in barabar hills and three caves in nagarjuni hills.
♦️Both these caves located close to each other in jehanabad district of Bihar.
♦️Ashokan inscriptions found on walls of caves located refer barabar hill as ‘khalatika’ mountain.
♦️Caves located in Barabar hills are :-
🔸Lomas rishi cave.
🔸Sudama cave.
🔸Karna chaupar cave.
🔸Visvakarma cave.
♦️Caves located in Nagarjuni hills are :-
🔸Gopi cave.
🔸Vadithi cave.
🔸Vapiya cave.
♦️These caves are divided into chambers - Front hall was used for the gatherings of worshipper and the second chamber used by monks for their residence as well as worship.
♦️These caves were popularized by English author E.M. forster in his book Passage of india.
🔖CAVES DURING POST MAURYAN PERIOD.
♦️The tradition of cave architecture that commenced during the reign of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka reached its pinnacle during this period.
♦️Caves were in the form of Chaitya and viharas. Chaitya was a place of worship and vihara was a place of residence of Monks. The viharas also acted as educational centres where monks imparted learning.
♦️Caves during this age referred as Kirti. The face of cave Kirtimukha. At times a pillar known as kirthistambha was cut in front of caves.
