COMPOSITION OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
#Constituentassembly
◇ The Constituent Assembly was cons-tituted in November 1946 under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet Mission Plan.
□ The features of the scheme were:-
◇ The total strength of the Constituent Assembly was to be 389. Of these, 296 seats were to be allotted to British India and 93 seats to the princely states.
◇ Out of 296 seats allotted to the British India, 292 members were to be drawn from the 11 governors’ provinces and four from the four Chief Commissioners’ provinces one from each.
◇ Each province and princely state (or group of states in case of small states) were to be allotted seats in proportion to their respective population. Roughly, one seat was to be allotted for every million population.
◇ Seats allocated to each British province were to be divided among the three principal communities–Muslims, Sikhs and General (all except Muslims and Sikhs), in proportion to their pop -ulation.
#Environmen
Health issues:
✅The high temperature across the globe can pose health risks and deaths.
✅The increased heat waves caused by climate change have led to the deaths of many globally.
✅For instance, in 2003, the extreme heat waves led to the death of more than 20,000 people in Europe and caused more than 1,500 deaths in India.
✅Climate change increases the spreading of contagious diseases as the long-term warm weather allows disease-carrying insects, animals and microbes to survive longer.
✅Disease and pests that were once confined to the tropics may find it habitable in the colder regions that were previously inhospitable.
✅Currently, there is an increase in death due to extreme heat, natural disasters and diseases due to climate change.
✅The World Health Organisation estimates that between 2030 and 2050, climate change may cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year due to malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and extreme heat.
Economic impacts:
✅It is estimated that if action is not taken to address the carbon emissions, climate change could cost about 5 to 20% of the annual global GDP.
✅In contrast, the cost to lessen the most damaging effects of climate change is just 1% of the GDP.
✅Climate change can alter shoreline habitats. This may lead to the need for relocation of ports and near-shore infrastructures and habitats, costing about millions of dollars.
✅The increased hurricanes and other related natural disasters can bring forth extreme economic losses caused by damaged properties and infrastructures.
✅Declining crop yields due to the lengthy droughts and high temperatures can lead to a risk of starvation of thousands of people.
FACT AND DETA
#Energy
🍄 India is 85% reliant on imports to meet its crude oil needs as domestic output is insufficient to meet demand.
#Health
🍄 According to NITI Aayog's latest report titled “Health Insurance for India’s Missing Middle”, atleast 30% of Indian population – 40 crore people do not have any financial cover for health expenses.
Relevance - This finding assumes important even as coverage of health insurance has increased substantially with the launch of the government's Ayushman Bharat scheme for 'deprived' families.
#Health2
🍄 According to World Health Organisation (WHO), 61% of all deaths in India every year are because of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Non-Communicable Diseases will be one of the greatest challenges in India's HealthCare system in the present and the future.
#Poverty
🍄 The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for 2021, launched by UNDP and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), showed that 27.9% of India's population were multidimensionally poor.
#Elections
🍄 According to Association for Democratic Reforms report, Over 55% donations to regional parties came from ‘unknown’ sources in 2019-20 fiscal.
Relevance - Electoral Bond Scheme.
Environment
Source of Air Pollution
✅Burning of Fossil Fuels: Most of the pollutants are produced by burning fossil fuels or wood, for driving, heating, power plants and industry.
Several man-made factors, vehicular emissions, construction dust, garbage burning causes severe pollution.
The particles can be made of black carbon, nitrates, sulphates, ammonia or mineral dust.
✅Agriculture & Allied Sources: Farming is one such source of pollution, with ammonia from livestock manure and fertilisers blowing into cities and forming particles, particularly in spring time when crops are sown and muck is spread.
Further, stubble burning is also one of the major sources of air pollution in northern India, especially in winters.
✅Natural Sources: Apart from it, there are some natural sources of outdoor air pollution such as dust storms.
