AMENDING ACT 1781.
#Historicalbackground
◇ Governor general now empowered to frame regulations for Provincial courts and council.
■ REGULATING ACT 1773
#Historicalbackground
◇ Governor of Bengal will now be Governor-General of Bengal.
◇ Created an Executive Council of 4 members to assist him.
◇ First Governor General was Warren Hastings.
◇ Establishment of Supreme court in Calcutta. Comprising 1 CJI and 3 other Judges.
◇ Prohibited the Servants from engaging in any Private Trades and taking Bribes from Natives.
◇ Court of Directors will report about the functioning of EIC to Government.
■ CHARTER ACT 1813.
#Historicalbackground
◇ Company's trade monopoly abolished except its monopoly over trade in Tea and Trade with china.
◇ It's asserted Crown's Sovereignty over Company.
◇ Christian missionaries allowed in India.
◇ Spread of Western education allowed.
◇ Local Govt. can now impose Taxes on Persons. Can also punish for not paying Taxes.
■ CHARTER ACT 1833
#Historicalbackground
◇ Governor-General of Bengal now made the Governor- General of India and vested in him all civil and military powers.
◇ It deprived the Governor of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers.
◇ It ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial body, which became a purely administrative body.
◇ Attempted to introduce a system of open competition for selection of civil servants and stated that the Indians should not be debarred from holding any place, office and employment under the Company.
■ CHARTER ACT OF 1853
#Historicalbackground
◇ Seperated Legislative and Executive functions of Governor-General's council.
◇ It provided for Addition of Six new members to the Council.
◇ It introduced open Competition for Selection and recruitment of Civil servants.
◇ Extended Company's rule of Indian possession on behalf of British Govt. But did not specify any particular period.
◇ It introduced Local representation in Indian (central) Legislative Council.
◇ Of 6 new members 4 members appointed by Local Governments of Madras, Bombay, Bengal, and Agra.
■ GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT OF 1858
#Historicalbackground
◇ India will now be governed by, and in the name of, Her Majesty.
◇ Designation of Governor-General of India will now be changed to that of Viceroy of India.
◇ It ended the system of Double government by abolishing the Board of Control and Court of Directors.
◇ Created a new office, Sectetary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Administration.
◇ It established a 15 - member council of india to assist the secretary of state of India.
◇ It constituted the secretary of state in council as a body corporate, capable of suing and being sued in India.
■ INDIAN COUNCIL ACT OF 1861
#Historicalbackground
◇ It made a beginning of Representative institutions by assosiating Indian with law - making Process.
◇ Viceroy Canning nominated three Indians to the legislative council - The Raja of Benaras, Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar rao.
◇ It initiated the process of Decentralisation by restoring the legislative Powers to the Bombay and Madras presidency.
◇ It also provided for the establishment of new legislative councils for Bengal, NWFP and Punjab.
◇ It also gave a recognition to the Portfolio system, introduced by Canning.
■ INDIAN COUNCIL ACT 1892
#Historicalbackground
◇ It increased the number of additional (non-official) members in the Central and provincial legislative councils, but maintained the official majority in them.
◇ It increased the functions of legislative councils and gave them the power of discussing the budget and addressing questions to the executive.
◇ It provided for the nomination of some non-official members of the :-
• Central Legislative Council by the viceroy on the recommendation of the provincial legislative councils and the Bengal Chamber of Commerce, and
• that of the provincial legislative councils by the Governors on the recommendation of the district boards, municipalities, universities, trade associations, zamin-dars and chambers.
