BIJAPUR SCHOOL (1490-1656 AD):
💡Under the patronage of Adil Shah, Bijapur style or the Deccan style of architecture developed.
💡He constructed a number of mosques, tombs and palaces which were unique in the use of 3-arched facade and bulbous dome, and were almost spherical with a narrow neck. He also introduced the use ofcornices.
TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE DURING GUPTA PERIOD
🔸Temple architecture, with the development of a square sanctum and a pillared portico emerged during the
Gupta period.
🔸There was a gradual progression
from the flat-roofed, monolithic temples in the initial stages to the sculptured shikhara in the later years. The progression can be distinguished into five stages:
All these stages further Discussed in new upcoming posts.
FIRST STAGE
The features of the temple that developed during this phase are:
🔸The temples had flat roof.
🔸 The temples were square in shape.
🔸The portico was developed on shallow pillars.
🔸 The entire structure was built on low platform.
SECOND STAGE :
🔸The temples built during this phase continued most of the features of the
earlier phase. However, the platforms were higher or upraised. Some instances of two-storied temples have also been found.
🔸Another important addition of this phase was a covered ambulatory passageway around the sanctum sanctorum or garbhagriha. The passageway was used as a pradakshina path.
▪️Example: Parvati temple at Nachna Kuthara in Madhya Pradesh.
THIRD STAGE :
🔸This stage saw the emergence of shikharas in place of a flat roof. However,they were still quite low and almost square, i.e. curvilinear. Panchayatan style of temple making was introduced.
🔸In the Panchayatan style of temple making, there were four subsidiary
shrines along with the temple of the principal deity. The main temple was
square with an elongated mandap in front of it, giving it a rectangular shape.
🔸The subsidiary shrines were placed opposite to each other on either side of the mandap,giving the ground plan a crucified shape.
Examples: Dashavatar temple at Deogarh (Uttar Pradesh), Durga temple at Aihole (Karnataka), etc.
FOURTH STAGE :
🔸The temples of this stage were almost similar except that the main shrine be -came more rectangular.
Example: Ter temple in Maharashtra.
FIFTH STAGE :
🔸In this stage, circular temples with shallow rectangular projections were
introduced. Rest of the features of the previous phase continued.
Example: Maniyar Math at Rajgir.
SCULPTURE DURING GUPTA PERIOD
🔸During the Gupta period, a new school of sculpture developed around Sarnath. It was characterised by the use of cream coloured sandstone and the use of metal.
🔸 The sculptures of this school were immaculately dressed and lacked any form of nakedness. The halo around the head of Buddha was intricately decorated.
Sanchi stupas
📍located in Raisen districtof MP. The main sanchi stupa was originally built by Ashoka with bricks but it was broken by Pushyamitra sungha. It is known as
Mahastupa.
📍Stupa repaired by Agnimitra, successor of pushyamitra sungha. Railings originally made of wood, replaced with stone railings by Agnimitra.
📍Ashokan sanchi stupa was constructed under the personal supervision of his queen devi.
📍Stupas discovered by General Herbert taylor in 1818 AD.
📍Alexander cunningam and Frederick maisey found bone relics along with other materials at sanchi. They carried these finds in England as their personal
trophies and later sold to albert and Victoria museum, London.
📍These relics belong to Buddhist monks sariputta and Mahamoggallana. Due to the efforts made by Mahabodhi society of sri lanka, these relics were brought back and chaityagiri vihara was constructed at sanchi to store them in 1952.
