Miscellaneous

 

■ THE STUDY OF EARTH'S INTERIOR IS ESSENTIAL :

#interiorofearth

◇ to understand the earth’s surface :-

• Many different geological processes shape the Earth's surface. The forces that cause these processes come from both above and beneath the Earth's surface.

◇ to understand Geophysical phenomenon like volcanism, earthquakes

• The forces that cause catastrophic events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions come from deep below the earth’s surface.

◇ to understand the earth’s magnetic field

• Earth’s magnetic field is a result of convection currents in the outer core of the earth. Life on earth would not have been possible if not for the earth’s magnetic field which protects the earth’s atmosphere from the harmful solar wind.

◇ to understand the internal structure of various solar system objects

◇ to understand Evolution and present composition of the atmosphere.

 ARCHITECTURE IN KASHMIR

♦️Development of Kashmiri architecture can be broadly divided into two important phases of its political rule – early medieval Hindu phase and 14th century onwards Muslim rule.

♦️No major monuments that were made prior to 600 AD exist, except few Buddhist monuments like monastery and stupas (now in ruins) were discovered at Harwan and Ushkar.

■ SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERIOR. [ PART 1

#interiorofearth

□ DIRECT SOURCES

◇ Deep earth mining and drilling reveal the nature of rocks deep down the surface.

◇ But as mining and drilling are not practically possible beyond a certain depth, they don’t reveal much information about the earth’s interior.

◇ Mponeng gold mine (deepest mine in the world) and TauTona gold mine (second deepest mine in the world) in South Africa are deepest mines reaching to a depth of only 3.9 km.

◇ And the deepest drilling is only about 12 km deep hole bored by the Soviet Union in the 1970s over the Kola Peninsula.

◇ Volcanic eruption forms another source of obtaining direct information.

■ SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERIOR. [ PART 2]

#interiorofearth

 INDIRECT SOURCES.

□ Seismic waves

◇ They are the most important source available to understand the layered structure of the earth.  

◇ The velocity of seismic waves changes as they travel through materials with different elasticity and density.  

□ Meteorites

◇ Meteorites and Earth are born from the same nebular cloud. Thus, they are likely to have a similar internal structure. 

□ Gravitation

◇ The gravitation force (g) is not the same at different latitudes on the surface. It is greater near the poles and less at the equator. 

◇ This is because of the distance from the centre at the equator being greater than that at the poles.

◇ The gravity values also differ according to the mass of material.

□ Magnetic field

◇ The geodynamo effect helps scientists understand what's happening inside the Earth's core.

◇ Shifts in the magnetic field also provide clues to the inaccessible iron core.

#Environment

In India, hunting of blackbuck is prohibited under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.

The blackbuck is native to the Indian subcontinent, but extirpated in Pakistan and Bangladesh. In Nepal, the last surviving blackbuck population inhabits the Blackbuck Conservation Area south of Bardia National Park.

The blackbuck is active mainly during the day. It forms three type of small groups, female, male, and bachelor herds.

It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.

Some Facts and Datas

  #Economy

🍄 Being the fifth largest economy, India should have at least six banks in the top 100 global list, and at least eight would be required for a country having a $5-trillion economy, according to the Economic Survey 2019-20.

• Currently Only one Indian Bank (SBI) is in the Top 100 list.

Relevance - India's ambitious plan to become $5 Trillion Economy by 2024.

#Growth

🍄 The Indian Economy has registered negative GDP growth rate of -7.5% in 2020-21. It is for first time in the last 41 years i.e., since 1979-80 that economy has registered negative growth rate.